Showing posts with label Monarch. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Monarch. Show all posts

Tuesday, August 06, 2024

Monarch (Danaus plexippus)

      Recently my good friend Marit, a Norwegian gardener extraordinaire, commented that she took great delight in the beauty of a Monarch, and hoped to see more pictures of this most enigmatic of butterflies.
     I am glad to oblige.

Female

Male

     As you may see the two sexes are virtually identical, but the male has two alar pockets (dark spots) on the hindwing that the female lacks.
     The male shown above was raised by us from egg to adult butterfly and is drying its wings after emerging from the chrysalis. 
     It is a fascinating exercise to raise butterflies and anyone can do it with ease. In addition to Monarchs we have raised Black Swallowtails (Papilio polyxenes) and Giant Swallowtails (Papilio cresphontes).

Black Swallowtail

Giant Swallowtail

     To watch the egg hatch and the caterpillar develop from one instar to the next, pupate and then emerge as an adult butterfly - a process known as holometaboly - is a source of amazement. If you have children of your own, or can invite children in the neighbourhood to witness this transformation, it is deeply satisfying and you may instill a love of, and respect for, nature into these young minds.
     Here is how it all begins, with the tiny egg laid on the underside of a Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) leaf.


     Milkweeds are critical to Monarchs who are unable to breed without access to a species of Asclepias.
     Monarchs go through five larval instars; shown below is a tiny first instar chomping its way through milkweed and producing a copious amount of frass (poop).


     A little bigger.....


     Bigger still (probably fourth instar).....


     And finally getting ready to pupate.


     It should be noted that as the caterpillar progresses from one instar to the next it moults its outer cuticle. 
     When the chrysalis is formed it is an exquisitely beautiful structure containing all the genetic material required to produce a resplendent Monarch butterfly.


     It is a waiting game now, for about nine to fourteen days, until the butterfly emerges, but towards the end of the pupation cycle there is much to see.
     Actually, Miriam caught this astonishing sequence of the caterpillar shedding its final skin as it metamorphosed to a chrysalis. In the four pictures below, from the first to the last only five minutes had elapsed.





     
Just before eclosion, the completely formed butterfly is clearly visible inside the chrysalis.


     As soon as the adult emerges from its "imprisonment" it pumps its wings full of air and rests for a period to dry out.
     Here you see two freshly eclosed butterflies, with a chrysalis containing another in the background.


     Within an hour or two the butterflies are released and - incredibly - will embark on a journey to spend the winter in Mexico.
     There is much more to be said about this phenomenal creature, but the purpose of this post is to satisfy Marit's request for more pictures, so that's what I will leave you with.







     What a beauty! What a joy to share my life with Monarchs.

Thursday, August 17, 2023

Lakeside Park and a Monarch at Home

05 August, 2023
Lakeside Park, Kitchener, ON


     Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosa) is blooming in August; what a glorious flower it is!


     Its tubers are eaten by some, raw, pickled or roasted, but as far as I know I have never had the pleasure.
     Stickseeds (genus Hackelia) are interesting plants, several of which were growing at Lakeside Park.


     I confess to being very fond of Chicory (Cichorium intybus) - not the extract used as a coffee substitute - but the glorious blue flower that dots the landscape of southern Ontario at this time of the year.



     Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) has a bit of a "ragged" look about it, but is greatly favoured by pollinators of various kinds.



     its common name derives from its pleasant fragrance, reminiscent of the Bergamot Orange grown in Italy.
     Riverbank Grape (Vitis riparia) was used by early settlers to make jelly, but I suspect few people do this today.


     It attracts a variety of birds, however, including Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum), Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) and even Pileated Woodpecker (Dyrycopus pileatus).
     Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa) is the tallest representative of a group of plants that were the inspiration for Velcro.


     Anyone who has ever been covered with burs at the end of a walk knows only too well how difficult they are to remove. Sadly, small birds (e.g. Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa)) are sometimes ensnared on the plant and die there.
     One might be forgiven for concluding that Common Red Soldier Beetles (Rhagonyncha fulva) lead a life of orgiastic excess, since they seem always to be seen copulating, but this individual is taking a break from its hedonistic pursuits.


     Wild Carrot (Daucus carota), otherwise known as Queen Anne's Lace, seems to be the host plant of choice for this species and the locus of their bacchanal.
     Common Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis) sits ready to deliver copious volumes of nectar to hungry hummingbirds taking on fuel for migration.


     July and August are the proverbial dog days for birders. Most species are busy with young, males have stopped singing, the foliage is at its densest and many species are undergoing moult.
     Male Mallards (Anas platyrynchos) have been transformed by eclipse moult when they divest themselves of all their flight feathers at the same time, and are confined to the water for safety, and look for all the world like females.


     Some, by now, are beginning to re-acquire their masculine splendour and various intermediate stages are on display.


     And young Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) are almost as big as their parents.


     It really did seem, though, that Mallards were all over the lake, on the shore.....


    ..... and little squadrons on the water.


     Sometimes they even joined forces and drifted off together harmoniously.


     I was impressed by the delicate beauty of the leaves of Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina), a familiar plant that rewards close inspection.


     Common European Greenbottle Fly (Lucilia sericata) has had no trouble adjusting to life in southern Ontario.


     Nor has the European Paper Wasp (Polistes dominula) that joined it here. 


     I am sure that everyone is familiar with a paper wasp's nest (Polistes is Greek for 'city founder'), where the adults feed their young chewed up insects, especially larvae. They often patrol our backyard searching for caterpillars.
     Hedge Parsley (genus Torilis) is very attractive.


     This charming little bee is a Modest Masked Bee (Hylaeus modestus), a species that I had not seen before.


     It is a twig-nesting species, preferring dead stems over other materials.
     Wild Carrot sometimes takes on a pinkish hue.



     Common Whitetail (Plathemis lydia) is one species of dragonfly that alights frequently and often close. 


     One must be thankful for small mercies!
     There were other species flying around that day, some quite big, but they never came within camera range or landed for even a second, so we have no pictures to share, nor do we know what we saw.
     A Common Eastern Bumble Bee (Bombus impatiens) was contentedly nectaring on Wild Bergamot.


     Perennial Sow Thistle (Sonchus arvensis) hosted pollinators too.


     It was good to see native Narrow-leaved Cattail (Typha angustifolia) holding its own in the marshes, against the relentless onslaught of Common Reed (Phragmites australis).


     Common Aerial Yellowjackets (Dolichovespula arenaria) had descended on Wild Carrot en masse.



     Some of the Wild Carrot flowers are starting to form their familiar bird's nest shape, in many cases soon to be home to the larva of a Carrot Seed Moth (Sitochroa palealis), a site of both food and hibernation.


      Common Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) tends to be found in the same areas as Wild Carrot.


     The following plant is a type of Mint (genus Mentha) but I didn't detect the characteristic odour.


     A Meadow Spittlebug (Philaenus spumarius) is responsible for the frothy foam seen on grasses, often referred to as Cuckoo Spit.


     The nymphs actually live in, and are protected by, this substance.
     A Common Eastern Bumblebee was gathering pollen and nectar on Goldenrod (genus Solidago).


     Flowers on the Elders (genus Sambucus) are giving way to fruit.


     A Mock Strawberry (Potentilla indica) resembled the sort of protein spike we became accustomed to seeing on our TV screens during the height of COVID.


     Snowberries (genus Symphoricarpos) are simply lovely.


     Don't you wish you had a little island of diversity like Lakeside Park near you?

06 August, 2023
At Home, Waterloo, ON

     Just as I was leaving to run some errands, a Monarch (Danaus plexippus) landed on the coneflowers at the front of the house.
     In a flash, Miriam was there with her camera.


      She did well, I think you'll agree.


    This is perhaps the most iconic butterfly in all the world.



     My young friend, Roddie, a self-confident boy (he is 12 years old) with naturalist blood running through his veins, has started his own blog. There are some great pictures there, so if you have a chance please drop by and take a look:  https://rhornbyphotography.wixsite.com/the-waterloo-warbler 
     If you are able to leave a comment, I have no doubt he would appreciate a few words of encouragement. 

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