The mere mention of Madagascar conjures up endemism, evolution, and speciation writ large, a realm of wonder for mammalogist and ornithologist alike, a world of marvels for plant biologists, ancient formations for geologists - a source of fascination, delight and learning for amateur naturalist and dedicated scientist alike.
Few people have more field experience in Madagascar than Nick Garbutt and he has produced a first rate photographic guide to its mammals. Garbutt is a talented photographer and an accomplished artist and his skills (and those of others) are put to good use in this book.
We are treated to an exploration of the biogeography of this enchanted island, with an examination of the various theories about how the first mammals arrived, and their radiation into the unique animals found there today.
This is followed by a section on the regions and habitats of Madagascar, essential information for any visitor seeking specific organisms.
A summary of the mammals of Madagascar is followed by the detailed species accounts, which are superbly done. All of the information one might expect is provided along with a range map and stunning photographs. This section is a real treat!
All is not well in paradise, however. Madagascar is one of the world's poorest countries, but population growth, and the resultant exploitation of the island's resources, and the transformation and degradation of habitat is rampant. Between 1970 and 2021, the human population rose from c.6.5 million to c.28.5 million - and it is still growing. This spells disaster, not only for humans born into poverty and doomed to die in misery, but for every other living creature on the island, its forests, streams and highlands. Garbutt cites Golden et al, "..... a 'perfect storm' scenario is being played out, whereby rural populations are bound into a downward spiral of self-depletion of their nutritional resources that will impact their health and livelihoods, and simultaneously cause the extinction of numerous endemics.' A staggering 96% of lemurs are threatened with extinction.
Deforestation continues at an alarming rate, illegal hunting is rampant, with virtually no enforcement of laws designed to protect wildlife, mining creates huge land degradation problems, polluting soil and water, and poisoning the air. Road construction is bisecting critical habitat compelling animals to try to eke out an existence in ever smaller parcels of land. Even high status hotels keep "pet" lemurs so that tourists can take "selfies." The domestic pet trade is a huge source of animal depletion, both domestically and for the perverse desire of people in the west to keep exotic pets. The fact that it is illegal seems to have little impact in stemming the trade in these animals. It is axiomatic that when the animals are gone the tourists who came to see them will be gone too.
Garbutt closes the book with a section on extinct mammal fauna. It is with despair that one can only conclude that this list is likely to grow - and very soon.
I know a fellow who is a guide for a well-known and highly respected nature tour company who visits Madagascar annually. He confessed to me that while appreciating the opportunity to experience the unique flora and fauna, he is deeply saddened - depressed in fact, at the ongoing habitat destruction, and the reduced number of sites to experience the unique wildlife he has come to love.
In reality, Madagascar's wildlife is the patrimony of all the world, yet there is little optimism that we will collectively protect it. Environmental and ecological responsibility has never been our strong suit.
Tragically, Garbutt may have produced a requiem for many of these species. Today, despite having reviewed an exceptional book, I am left with a heavy heart. The future looks bleak.
Handbook to Mammals of Madagascar - Princeton University Press
Nick Garbutt
Hardcover - US$49.95 - ISBN 9780691239910
488 pages - 6.75 x 9.5 inches (16.875 x 23.75 cm)
Publication date: 28 February, 2023
